Archive for the ‘History’ Category

Notes on the Demography of the Land in the Isin-Larsa Period

Sunday, September 13th, 2015

  The principal cause of the ‘End of Sumer’ was the influx of new people. It has already been noted that there had always been, so far as we can tell, a mixture of populations in the Land. Besides the ethnic Sumerians (the original speakers of Sumerian) themselves, there is strong ...

Notes on the Social Structure of Third Millenium BC Sumer

Tuesday, March 10th, 2015

  The People (sag-giga) The principal identity of the people seems to have been with the city itself. One sign of this is the tendency to take names incorporating the name of the city.[1] There is no evidence that alternative identities actually opposed to the city played any significant role in Sumerian ...

Notes on the Justice System of the Ur III State

Tuesday, February 24th, 2015

In this period there seems to have been increasing disillusionment with operation of a system in which the institutions of the temple were held to be mainly responsible for ensuring economic security for the citizens. The cause of this is likely to have been the increasing influence of individual interests, ...

Notes on the Administration of the Ur III State

Sunday, February 22nd, 2015

The structure of the administration of Ur III and some of its administrative initiatives also played a role in avoiding internal rebellions. Many of these features of Ur III were foreshadowed in the structure and administration of the Akkadian empire, but appear to have been much more thorough and perhaps ...

Notes on architectural novelties of Ur III

Thursday, January 15th, 2015

Architecture Ur-Nammu’s determination to display his piety and to repair the damage done by the Guti (or by neglect in the interregnum) showed itself in reconstruction efforts all over Sumer in the name of his god ad of the local gods of the cities. Most elements of the architecture, such as ...

The Unlikely Ideologies of Yoga

Friday, December 26th, 2014

Retention of bindu In its earliest formulations, hatHa was used to raise and conserve the physical essence of life, identified in men as bindu (semen), which is otherwise constantly dripping downward from a store in the head and being expended. (The female equivalent, mentioned only occasionally in our sources, is rajas, ...

The Older Yoga Mudras

Friday, December 19th, 2014

  The mudras (seals) of the Hathayogapradipika compiled by Svatmaraman about 1450 AD, are not original to that work, but are also to be found in the following works which predate the HYP. (A1) Amrtasiddhi – 11th C (D) Dattatreyayogasastra – 13th C (V) Vivekamartanda – 13th C (G) Goraksasataka – 13th C (K) Khecarividya – ...

The Yoga Asanas before the Modern Period

Wednesday, December 17th, 2014

  The history of the specifically postural yoga that is the root of the yogas that are practiced in the modern West is not well known. We know that most forms of current Western practice can be traced back to the teachers Vivekananda, Yogananda, Sivananda, Kuvalayananda, Hariharananda, Krishnamacharya, and a few ...

Dying and Rising Gods

Sunday, November 30th, 2014

I knew that Frazer’s claim in his Golden Bough of a widespread myth of a dying and resurrected god had been heavily discounted amongst later researchers, but I still thought that the general template he presented was applicable to a significant number of myths, and not just around the Mediterranean. ...

The Great Vowel Shift

Thursday, November 6th, 2014

Over the course of several centuries beginning in the early 15th (probably) in the South of England (probably) there were a series of regular unconditioned (= not affected by their phonetic environment) vowel changes that affected the long vowels of ME. Those vowels were raised - or if they were ...