{"id":32,"date":"2012-01-31T00:44:28","date_gmt":"2012-01-30T14:44:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/2012\/01\/31\/principal-figures-in-the-development-of-sufism\/"},"modified":"2012-03-15T22:03:55","modified_gmt":"2012-03-15T12:03:55","slug":"principal-figures-in-the-development-of-sufism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/2012\/01\/31\/principal-figures-in-the-development-of-sufism\/","title":{"rendered":"Principal Figures in the Development of Sufism"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Uwais Qarni<\/strong> <\/strong>(ob<\/em>. 657 AD)<\/font><\/p>\n

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Awareness of Muhammad\u2019s spiritual presence<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u2018Uwaisi\u2019 transmission of barakah<\/em><\/font><\/p>\n

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Rabi\u2019a al-Basri <\/strong>(717-801 AD)<\/font><\/p>\n

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Post-asceticism<\/font><\/p>\n

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Love mysticism and mystical union<\/font><\/p>\n

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Beginning of Sufism and its methodology of illumination<\/font><\/p>\n

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Harith al-Muhasibi al-Basri <\/strong>(781-857 AD)<\/font><\/p>\n

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Ri\u2019yala li-Huquq Allah<\/em> [Method of Religious Observance]<\/font><\/p>\n

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First analysis of the interior life<\/font><\/p>\n

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Dhu\u2019l-Nun al-Misri<\/strong> (796-859)<\/font><\/p>\n

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Introduced ma\u2019rifa<\/em> [gnosis]<\/font><\/p>\n

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Read hieroglyphs<\/font><\/p>\n

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Abu Yazid (Bayazid) al-Bistami<\/strong> (ob<\/em>. 874\/877\/878)<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u2018Intoxication\u2019<\/font><\/p>\n

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Ejaculations [shathiyyat<\/em>] (e.g. \u201csubhani\u201d <\/em>[\u201cGlory to me!\u201d])<\/font><\/p>\n

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Doctrine of fana\u2019<\/em> [annihilation] and baqa<\/em> [continuance]<\/font><\/p>\n

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Ascended to the Throne of God<\/font><\/p>\n

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Hasan al-Basri <\/strong>(830-910)<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u2018Sobriety\u2019<\/font><\/p>\n

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Theory of Union<\/font><\/p>\n

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Features in the silsilah <\/em>ofmany orders<\/font><\/p>\n

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Junayd Baghdadi <\/strong>(830-910)<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Kitabu\u2019l-Fana\u2019<\/em> [Book of the Annihilation in God]<\/font><\/p>\n

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Themes<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u2018Sobriety\u2019<\/font><\/p>\n

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Theory of Union<\/font><\/p>\n

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Features in the silsilah <\/em>ofmany orders<\/font><\/p>\n

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Mansur al-Hallaj \u00a0<\/span><\/strong>(c. 858-922 AD)<\/font><\/p>\n

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Kitabu\u2019l-Tawasin<\/em><\/font><\/p>\n

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Themes<\/font><\/p>\n

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Ecstatic (e.g. \u201cana\u2019l-Haqq\u201d <\/em>[\u201cI am the Truth!\u201d])<\/font><\/p>\n

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God is Love<\/font><\/p>\n

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Foundations laid for Doctrine of Perfect Man (ibn \u2018Arabi)<\/font><\/p>\n

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Student of Junayd<\/font><\/p>\n

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Martyred<\/font><\/p>\n

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Abu Nasr al-Sarraj al-Tusi<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n

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Kitabu\u2019l-Luma\u2019<\/em><\/font><\/p>\n

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Themes<\/font><\/p>\n

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First systematic general works on Sufism<\/font><\/p>\n

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Person<\/font><\/p>\n

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Abu Talib al-Makki<\/strong> (ob<\/em>. 996)<\/font><\/p>\n

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Qutu\u2019l-Qulub<\/em> [Nourishment of the Heart]<\/font><\/p>\n

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Themes<\/font><\/p>\n

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First systematic general works on Sufism<\/font><\/p>\n

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Sufism begins to become pantheistic and antinomian. Influence of Greeks?<\/font><\/p>\n

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Person<\/font><\/p>\n

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Abu Sa\u2019id abu\u2019l-Khayr<\/strong> (967-1049)<\/font><\/p>\n

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Themes<\/font><\/p>\n

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Love poems as a genre of Sufi writing<\/font><\/p>\n

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Law is for the lower stages of the path: forbade the Haj<\/em> to his students<\/font><\/p>\n

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Person<\/font><\/p>\n

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Ali Hujwiri<\/strong> (c. 990-1077)<\/font><\/p>\n

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Kashfu\u2019l-Mahjub<\/em> [Revelation of the Veiled]<\/font><\/p>\n

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Themes<\/font><\/p>\n

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Complained about doctrinal disorder in Sufism<\/font><\/p>\n

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Person<\/font><\/p>\n

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Abu ‘l Qasim al-Qushayri<\/strong><\/span> (986-1074)<\/font><\/p>\n

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Risala<\/em> [Epistle]<\/font><\/p>\n

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Themes<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Delivered an early classic of Sufi practice<\/font><\/p>\n

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Person<\/font><\/p>\n

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Abu Hamid Ghazali<\/strong> (1058-1111)<\/font><\/p>\n

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Ihya\u2019 \u2018ulumu\u2019l-Din<\/span><\/em> [Renewal of the Religious Sciences]<\/font><\/p>\n

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Kimiya-yi Sa’adat <\/span><\/em>[The Alchemy of Happiness<\/span>]<\/font><\/p>\n

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Mishkatu\u2019i-Anwar<\/em> [The Niche of Lights]<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Themes<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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The reunification of Sufism and Islamic orthodoxy<\/font><\/p>\n

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Revelations of saints supplement those of the prophets<\/font><\/p>\n

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Influences from Athens and Alexandria become overwhelming<\/font><\/p>\n

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Pantheism replaces the \u2018interpersonal\u2019 relation to Allah<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u2018Monastic\u2019 institutions of Sufi orders form<\/font><\/p>\n

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Person<\/font><\/p>\n

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Muhyi\u2019ddin Ibnu\u2019l-\u2018Arabi<\/strong> (1165-1240)<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Texts<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

Futuhat al-Makkiyya<\/em> [Meccan Revelations]<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

Fususu\u2019l-Hikam<\/em> [Bezels of Wisdom]<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

Tarjumanu\u2019l-Ashwaq<\/em>[Interpreter of Desires]<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Themes<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u201cwahdatu\u2019l-wujud<\/em>\u201d [\u201cUnity of Existence\u201d]<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

World is aspect of God, and in Man God becomes conscious of Himself<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

Al-Insan al-Kamil<\/em> [The Perfect Man]<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

Met three times with Khidr<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Return of personal, experiential focus in Persian Sufism<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Person<\/font><\/p>\n

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Umar Ibnu\u2019l-Farid<\/strong> (1181-1235)<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Texts<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Nazm al-suluk<\/em> [The Sufi Way]<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Themes<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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A mystic poet for the Arabs<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Person<\/font><\/p>\n

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Sana’i Ghaznavi<\/strong> (ob<\/em>. 1131)<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Texts<\/font><\/p>\n

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 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Hadiqatu\u2019l-Haqiqa<\/em> [Garden of Truth]<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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 <\/font><\/p>\n

Themes<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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 <\/font><\/p>\n

First Persian mystical epic of Sufism<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Person<\/font><\/p>\n

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Faridu\u2019ddin \u2018Attar<\/strong> (1145\/6-1221)<\/font><\/p>\n

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<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Texts<\/font><\/p>\n

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 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

Mantiqu\u2019l-Tayr<\/em> [Parliament of Fowles]<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

Tadhkiratu\u2019l-Awliyah<\/em> [Memorial of the Saints]<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Themes<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Poet<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Person<\/font><\/p>\n

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Sa\u2019di<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Texts<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

Bostan <\/em>[Orchard]<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

Gulistan <\/em>[Rose Garden]<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Themes<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Poet<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Person<\/font><\/p>\n

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Jalalu\u2019ddin Rumi<\/strong> (1207-1273)<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Texts<\/font><\/p>\n

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 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

Mathnawi- Ma\u2019nawi<\/em> [Spiritual Couplets]<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi<\/em> [Works of S-e T]<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

Fihi Ma Fihi<\/em> [In It What Is In It]<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Themes<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

Poet<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

An ascetic after meeting dervish Shams-e Tabrizi<\/em><\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

Founder of Maulawi \/ Mevlevi <\/em>dervishes<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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Person<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

Hafez-e Shirazi<\/strong> (<\/span>1325\/1326\u20131389\/1390)<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

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\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

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 <\/font><\/p>\n

Texts<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

Diwan<\/em> [Works]<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

Themes<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

Poet<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

Person<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

Nur ad-Din Abd ar-Rahman Jami<\/strong> (<\/span>1414\u20131492)<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

Texts<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

Diwan<\/em> [Collection]<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

Haft Awrang<\/em> [Seven Thrones]<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

Themes<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/td>\n

 <\/font><\/p>\n

Poet<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

Distinguished \u2018prophetic\u2019 and \u2018mystic\u2019 Sufis<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Person Uwais Qarni (ob. 657 AD) \u00a0 \u00a0 Texts \u00a0 – \u00a0 \u00a0 Themes \u00a0 Awareness of Muhammad\u2019s spiritual presence \u2018Uwaisi\u2019 transmission of barakah \u00a0 Person Rabi\u2019a al-Basri (717-801 AD) \u00a0 \u00a0 Texts \u00a0 – \u00a0 \u00a0 Themes \u00a0 Post-asceticism Love mysticism and mystical union Beginning of Sufism and its methodology of illumination \u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[14],"class_list":["post-32","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-religion","tag-sufism"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}