{"id":167,"date":"2016-03-21T23:08:18","date_gmt":"2016-03-21T13:08:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/?p=167"},"modified":"2016-03-21T23:08:18","modified_gmt":"2016-03-21T13:08:18","slug":"the-seafarer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/2016\/03\/21\/the-seafarer\/","title":{"rendered":"The Seafarer"},"content":{"rendered":"

From the Exeter Book (Exeter Cathedral Library MS 3501). The OE text is presented as in Mitchell & Robinson (2012) A Guide to Old English (8th edn) Wiley-Blackwell:UK pp. 284-290. They note several emendations of the OE text, but none are of great significance. As usual in that text, ? and ? in the MS are replaced here by standard English letters, but \u00f0, \u00fe, and \u00e6 are retained. Length is not marked. This is, of course, not translation; it is just a reading assistant.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e6g ic be me sylfum so\u00f0gied wrecan,
\n<\/span>I can about my self a lay of truth make,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

si\u00feas secgan, hu ic geswincdagum
\n<\/span>To tell (of) (my) experiences, how I in days of hardship<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

earfo\u00f0hwile oft \u00ferowade,
\n<\/span>A time of troubles often suffered,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

bitre breostceare gebiden h\u00e6bbe,
\n<\/span>Bitter grief of the heart I have endured,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 gecunnad in ceole cearselda fela,
\n<\/span>I experienced aboard ship many a house of care,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

atol y\u00fea gewealc, \u00fe\u00e6r mec oft bigeat
\n<\/span>A terrible rolling of waves, there I often took<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

nearo nihtwaco \u00e6t nacan stefnan,
\n<\/span>The anxious night-watch at the ship’s prow,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00feonne he be clifum cnossa\u00f0. Calde ge\u00ferungen
\n<\/span>When it\u00a0tossed\u00a0beside cliffs. By the cold constricted<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

w\u00e6ron mine fet, forste gebunden,
\n<\/span>Were my feet, by frost held fast,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

10\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 caldum clommum, \u00fe\u00e6r \u00fea ceare seofedun
\n<\/span>By cold fetters, where the cares sighed<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

hat’ymb heortan; hungor innan slat
\n<\/span>Hot about the heart; hunger rent from within\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

merewerges mod. \u00fe\u00e6t se mon ne wat
\n<\/span>The soul of the sea-weary. That the man knows not<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00fee him on foldan f\u00e6grost limpe\u00f0,
\n<\/span>[Who to him = To whom] on land (things) happen\u00a0most pleasantly,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

hu ic earmcearig iscealdne s\u00e6<\/span>
\nHow I the wretched and ice-cold sea<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

15\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 winter wunade wr\u00e6ccan lastum,<\/span>
\n(In) Winter I dwelt [wandered?] (on) the paths of an exile,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

winem\u00e6gum bidroren,
\n<\/span>Of beloved kinsmen bereft,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

bihongen hrimgicelum; h\u00e6gl scurum fleag.
\n<\/span>Hung about with icicles; hail flew in storms.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00fe\u00e6r ic ne gehyrde butan hlimman s\u00e6,
\n<\/span>There I heard nothing but the roaring sea,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

iscaldne w\u00e6g. Hwilum ylfete song
\n<\/span>The ice-cold wave. [Sometimes = Whilom] the song of the wild swans<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

20\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 dyde ic me to gomene, ganetes hleo\u00feor
\n<\/span>I made to be my amusement, the sound of a gannet<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

ond huilpan sweg fore hleahtor wera,
\n<\/span>And the call of a curlew for the laughter of men,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

m\u00e6w singende fore medodrince.
\n<\/span>The singing seagull for a mead-drink.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Stormas \u00fe\u00e6r stanclifu beotan, \u00fe\u00e6r him stearn oncw\u00e6\u00f0
\n<\/span>Storms there beat the stone cliffs, there the icy-feathered tern\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

isigfe\u00feera; ful oft \u00fe\u00e6t earn bigeal,
\n<\/span>answered them; full oft the eagle shrieked about,\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

25\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 urigfe\u00fera; ne \u00e6nig hleom\u00e6ga
\n<\/span>The dewy-feathered one; [none of the = no] care-taking kinsmen<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

feasceaftig fer\u00f0 frefran meahte.
\n<\/span>Could comfort the wretched spirit.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

For\u00feon him gelyfe\u00f0 lyt,\u00a0 se \u00fee ah lifes wyn
\n<\/span>Indeed he little believes, who has the joy of life<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

gebiden in burgum,\u00a0 bealosi\u00fea hwon,
\n<\/span>Experienced in cities, and few bitter experiences,\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

wlonc ond wingal,\u00a0 hu ic werig oft<\/span>
\n Splendid and wine-bright, how I often weary<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

30\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 in brimlade\u00a0 bidan sceolde.
\n<\/span>On the seaway must remain.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Nap nihtscua,\u00a0 nor\u00fean sniwde,<\/span>
\n The night shadows grew dark, it snowed from the north<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

hrim hrusan bond,\u00a0 h\u00e6gl feol on eor\u00fean,<\/span>
\n Frost bound the ground, hail fell on earth,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

corna caldast.\u00a0 For\u00feon cnyssa\u00f0 nu<\/span>
\n Coldest of kernels. Indeed, now they batter (me),<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

heortan ge\u00feohtas\u00a0 \u00fe\u00e6t ic hean streamas,<\/span>
\n The thoughts of (my) heart, that I,\u00a0myself, the high seas,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

35\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 sealty\u00fea gelac\u00a0 sylf cunnige \u2013
\n<\/span>The rolling of ocean waves, should seek out —<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

mona\u00f0 modes lust\u00a0 m\u00e6la gehwylce<\/span>
\n The desire of the soul urges, every time<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

fer\u00f0 to feran,\u00a0 \u00fe\u00e6t ic feor heonan<\/span>
\n To go far forth, (so) that I, far from here,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

el\u00feeodigra\u00a0 eard gesece —<\/span>
\n The land of the foreign should seek —<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

For\u00feon nis \u00fe\u00e6s modwlonc\u00a0 mon ofer eor\u00fean,<\/span>
\n Indeed, there is not ?such? proud spirit, (in any other) man in the world<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

40\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ne his gifena \u00fe\u00e6s god,\u00a0 ne in geogu\u00fee to \u00fe\u00e6s hw\u00e6t,
\n<\/span>Nor his gifts so good, nor in youth so active,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

ne in his d\u00e6dum to \u00fe\u00e6s deor,\u00a0 ne him his dryhten to \u00fe\u00e6s hold,<\/span>
\n Nor in his deeds so brave, nor one to whom his Lord was so gracious,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00fe\u00e6t he a his s\u00e6fore\u00a0 sorge n\u00e6bbe,<\/span>
\n That he on his sea voyage had no worry,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

to hwon hine Dryhten\u00a0 gedon wille.<\/span>
\n About what his Lord will do.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Ne bi\u00fe him to hearpan hyge\u00a0 ne to hring\u00feege<\/span>
\n Nor is there to him a mind for harping, nor for ring presents,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

45\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ne to wife wyn\u00a0 ne to worulde hyht
\n<\/span>Nor for the joy of a woman, nor for the bliss of the world,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

ne ymbe owiht elles\u00a0 nefne ymb y\u00f0a gewealc;<\/span>
\n Nor about owt else except about the tossing of the waves;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

ac a hafa\u00f0 longunge\u00a0 se \u00fee on lagu funda\u00f0.<\/span>
\n But always he has a longing, he who sets out on the wide sea.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Bearwas blostmum nima\u00f0,\u00a0 byrig f\u00e6gria\u00f0,<\/span>
\n Groves take blossoms, cities become fair,\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

wongas wlitiga\u00f0,\u00a0 woruld onette\u00f0:<\/span>
\n The fields grow beautiful, the world hastens on:<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

50\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ealle \u00fea gemonia\u00f0\u00a0 modes fusne
\n<\/span>All these urge the eager of spirit,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

sefan to si\u00fee\u00a0 \u00feam \u00fee swa \u00feence\u00f0<\/span>
\n The heart to travel, those who so think<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

on flodwegas\u00a0 feor gewitan.<\/span>
\n On the flood-ways far to ?travel?.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Swylce geac mona\u00f0 geomran reorde,<\/span>
\n Thus the cuckoo urges with sad voice,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

singe\u00f0 sumeres weard, sorge\u00a0beode\u00f0
\n<\/span>Summer’s guardian sings, announces sadness\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

55\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 bitter in breosthord. \u00fe\u00e6t se beorn ne wat,
\n<\/span>Bitter in the breast-hoard. That the man does not know,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

sefteadig secg, hw\u00e6t \u00fea sume dreoga\u00f0<\/span>
\n The man blessed with comfort, what those suffer<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00fee \u00fea wr\u00e6clastas widost lecga\u00f0.<\/span>
\n Who lay the furthest path of exile.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

For\u00feon nu min hyge hweorfe\u00f0 ofer hre\u00feerlocan,<\/span>
\n And yet now my spirit roams beyond the heart-place,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

min modsefa mid mereflode
\n<\/span>My heart with the sea-tide<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

60\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ofer hw\u00e6les e\u00feel hweorfe\u00f0 wide,
\n<\/span>Above the whales’ kingdom turns far and wide,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

eor\u00fean sceatas, cyme\u00f0 eft to me<\/span>
\n the surface of the earth, comes again to me<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

gifre ond gr\u00e6dig, gielle\u00f0 anfloga,<\/span>
\n ravenous and greedy, the lone flier yells out,<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

hwete\u00f0 on hw\u00e6lweg hre\u00feer unwearnum<\/span>
\n incites to the whale-way the heart irresistibly<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

ofer holma gelagu. For\u00feon me hatran sind
\n<\/span>above the expanse of seas. Indeed to me hotter\u00a0are<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

65\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 dryhtnes dreamas \u00feonne \u00feis deade lif,
\n<\/span>the joys of the Lord than this dead life,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

l\u00e6ne on londe. Ic gelyfe no<\/span>
\n fleeting on earth. I believe not at all<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00fe\u00e6t him eor\u00f0welan ece stonda\u00f0.<\/span>
\n that worldly riches stand everlasting for him.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Simle \u00fereora sum \u00feinga gehwylce,<\/span>
\n Always some (one) of three invariably,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00e6r his tiddege, to tweon weor\u00fee\u00f0;
\n<\/span>before the end of his days, arises as an uncertainty;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

70\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 adl o\u00fe\u00fee yldo o\u00fe\u00fee ecghete
\n<\/span>Sickness or old age or violence<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

f\u00e6gum fromweardum feorh o\u00f0\u00feringe\u00f0.<\/span>
\n From the doomed man about to die deprives of life.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

For\u00feon bi\u00f0 eorla gehwam \u00e6ftercwe\u00feendra<\/span>
\n Indeed, for a nobleman from each of the after-speakers<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

lof lifgendra lastworda betst,<\/span>
\n praise of the living of an enduring reputation is best,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00fe\u00e6t he gewyrce, \u00e6r he on weg scyle,
\n<\/span>which he accomplishes, before he must depart,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

75\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 fremum on foldan wi\u00f0 feonda ni\u00fe,
\n<\/span>By good deeds on earth with enemies’ hatred,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

deorum d\u00e6dum deofle togeanes,<\/span>
\n By brave deeds against the devil,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00fe\u00e6t hine \u00e6lda bearn \u00e6fter hergen,<\/span>
\n That the children of men later praise,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

ond his lof si\u00fe\u00fean lifge mid englum<\/span>
\n and his praise later\/thenceforth should live among the Angels<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

awa to ealdre, ecan lifes bl\u00e6d,
\n<\/span>Always until eternity, to the eternal glory of life<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

80\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 dream mid duge\u00feum.\u00a0Dagas sind gewitene,
\n<\/span>Joy amongst the heavenly host. The days are gone,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

ealle onmedlan\u00a0 eor\u00fean rices;<\/span>
\n (and) all the magnificence of the earthly kingdom;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

nearon nu cyningas\u00a0 ne caseras<\/span>
\n there are not now kings nor emperors<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

ne goldgiefan\u00a0 swylce iu w\u00e6ron,<\/span>
\n nor gold-givers as once there were,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00feonne hi m\u00e6st mid him\u00a0 m\u00e6r\u00fea gefremedon<\/span>
\n [when they performed the greatest of glorious deeds among themselves]<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

85\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ond on dryhtlicestum\u00a0 dome lifdon.
\n<\/span>and in most lordly glory lived.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Gedroren is \u00feeos dugu\u00f0 eal,\u00a0 dreamas sind gewitene;<\/span>
\n Perished is all this host, their revels are ended;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

wunia\u00f0 \u00fea wacran\u00a0 ond \u00fe\u00e6s woruld healda\u00fe,<\/span>
\n the weaker ones now inhabit and hold this world,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

bruca\u00f0 \u00feurh bisgo.\u00a0 Bl\u00e6d is gehn\u00e6ged,<\/span>
\n living by toil. Glory is humbled,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

eor\u00fean indryhto\u00a0 ealda\u00f0 ond seara\u00f0,<\/span>
\n the nobility of the world grows old and withers,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

90\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 swa nu monna gehwylc\u00a0 geond middangeard.
\n<\/span>so (is it) now for men throughout Middle-Earth.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Yldo him on fare\u00fe,\u00a0 onsyn blaca\u00f0,<\/span>
\n Old age overtakes him, his face grows pale,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

gomelfeax gnorna\u00f0,\u00a0 wat his iuwine,<\/span>
\n the greybeard grieves, he knows his friends of old,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00e6\u00feelinga bearn,\u00a0 eor\u00fean forgiefene.<\/span>
\n the sons of nobles are given to the earth.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Ne m\u00e6g him \u00feonne se fl\u00e6schoma\u00a0 \u00feonne him \u00fe\u00e6t feorg losa\u00f0<\/span>
\n And his flesh-cover when that life leaves him, cannot<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

95\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ne swete forswelgan\u00a0 ne sar gefelan
\n<\/span>taste sweetness or feel pain<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

ne hond onhreran\u00a0 ne mid hyge \u00feencan.<\/span>
\n or use a hand or think with his heart.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00deeah \u00fee gr\u00e6f wille\u00a0 golde stregan<\/span>
\n Though the grave he would strew with gold<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

bro\u00feor his geborenum,\u00a0 byrgan be deadum<\/span>
\n his natural born brother, (would) bury with the dead man<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

ma\u00femum mislicum,\u00a0 \u00fe\u00e6t hine mid wille,<\/span>
\n various treasures, that he wants with him,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

100\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ne m\u00e6g \u00fe\u00e6re sawle\u00a0 \u00fee bi\u00fe synna ful
\n<\/span>nor can, for the soul that is full of sin,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

gold to geoce\u00a0 for Godes egsan,<\/span>
\n gold be a help before the terror of God,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00feonne he hit \u00e6r hyde\u00f0\u00a0 \u00feenden he her leofa\u00f0.<\/span>
\n when he previously hid it while he lived here.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Micel bi\u00fe se Meotudes egsa,\u00a0 for\u00feon hi seo molde oncyrre\u00f0;<\/span>
\n Very great is the awe of the creator, [before which the earth turns aside;]<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

se gesta\u00feelade\u00a0 sti\u00fee grundas,<\/span>
\n He established the solid grounds,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

105\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 eor\u00fean sceatas\u00a0 ond uprodor.
\n<\/span>The regions of the earth and the heaven above.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Dol bi\u00fe se \u00fee him his Dryhten ne ondr\u00e6de\u00fe:\u00a0 cyme\u00f0 him se dea\u00f0 un\u00feinged.<\/span>
\n Foolish is he who dreads not his Lord: death comes to him unlooked for.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Eadig bi\u00f0 se \u00fee ea\u00femod leofa\u00fe;\u00a0 cyme\u00f0 him seo ar of heofonum.<\/span>
\n Blessed is he who lives humbly; for he shall have the favour of heaven.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Meotod him \u00fe\u00e6t mod gesta\u00feela\u00f0,\u00a0 for\u00feon he in his meahte gelyfe\u00f0.<\/span>
\n The Creator makes firm that spirit in him, because he trusts in His power.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Stieran mon sceal strongum mode,\u00a0 ond \u00fe\u00e6t on sta\u00feelum healdan,<\/span>
\n A man should control (his) strong spirit, and hold it in check,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

110\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ond gewis werum,\u00a0 wisum cl\u00e6ne.
\n<\/span>And (be) unfailing (in) pledges, (and) pure (in) actions.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Scyle monna gehwylc\u00a0 mid gemete healdan<\/span>
\n Each man ought to keep in proper measure\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

lufan wi\u00fe leofne\u00a0\u00a0ond wi\u00f0 la\u00fene bealo.<\/span>
\n (His) love for loved ones and enmity towards the foe.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00feeah \u00fee he hine wille\u00a0 fyres fulne …<\/span>
\n although he wishes him full of fire …<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

o\u00fe\u00fee on b\u00e6le\u00a0 forb\u00e6rnedne<\/span>
\n Or burned up on a funeral pyre<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

115\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 his geworhtne wine,\u00a0 Wyrd bi\u00fe swi\u00fere,
\n<\/span>[The friend he has made], fate is more powerful,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Meotud meahtigra,\u00a0 \u00feonne \u00e6nges monnes gehygd.<\/span>
\n God is mightier, than the thought of any man.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Uton we hycgan\u00a0 hw\u00e6r we ham agen,<\/span>
\n Let us think where we have our home,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

ond \u00feonne ge\u00feencan\u00a0 hu we \u00feider cumen;<\/span>
\n And then consider how we (may) return thither;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

ond we \u00feonne eac tilien\u00a0 \u00fe\u00e6t we to moten<\/span>
\n And then we (should)\u00a0each\u00a0strive that we may (go) there<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

120\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 in \u00fea ecan\u00a0 eadignesse
\n<\/span>In that eternal blessedness<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00fe\u00e6r is lif gelong\u00a0 in lufan Dryhtnes,<\/span>
\n Where life is dependent on the love of God,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

hyht in heofonum.\u00a0 \u00de\u00e6s sy \u00feam Halgan \u00feonc<\/span>
\n (and) bliss in heaven. So let there be thanks to God<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00fe\u00e6t he usic geweor\u00feade,\u00a0 wuldres Ealdor<\/span>
\n That He honoured us, the Prince of glory<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

ece Dryhten,\u00a0 in ealle tid.\u00a0<\/span>
\n The Lord eternal, for all time.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Amen.<\/span>
\n Amen.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

From the Exeter Book (Exeter Cathedral Library MS 3501). The OE text is presented as in Mitchell & Robinson (2012) A Guide to Old English (8th edn) Wiley-Blackwell:UK pp. 284-290. They note several emendations of the OE text, but none are of great significance. As usual in that text, ? and ? in the MS […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-language","category-translations"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=167"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":171,"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/167\/revisions\/171"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stevewatson.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}